
Combining advanced mathematical and computational methods and computer technology is an essential key to achieving progress, often even in purely theoretical research. New concepts and approaches are necessary in order to overcome the complexity barriers particularly created by nonlinearity, high-dimensionality, multiple scales and uncertainty. Cover design: deblik Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (Preface to the SeriesĬontributions in Mathematical and Computational Sciences Mathematical theories and methods and effective computational algorithms are crucial in coping with the challenges arising in the sciences and in many areas of their application. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. ISBN 978-6-6 e-ISBN 978-7-3 DOI 10.1007/978-7-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 57M25, 57Q45, 92C37, 81T45 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. of Mathematics Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 288 69120 Heidelberg Germany of Mathematics Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 288 69120 Heidelberg Germany ĭenis Vogel Dept. The Mathematics of Knots Theory and ApplicationĮditors Markus Banagl Dept.

Contributions in Mathematical and Computational Sciences Volume 1 Editors Hans Georg Bock Willi Jägerįor other titles published in this series, go to Markus Banagl Denis Vogel Editors
